I would delineate between better detection and better suggestions. Of course, I don’t know how WLv2 and RL/GL work in detail, so I can’t say how it actually works under the hood.
One obvious difference is that RL/GL modifies your training schedule, i. e. it won’t just tell you to take it easy or take a rest day, but it will adapt your entire training schedule. Garmin and Strava only see what you do and can make suggestions in the moment, what you should do today or tomorrow. They can’t tell you what workout you should do next week.
You could see more features building on that, e. g. that Adaptive Training v2 will change training volume according to your fatigue levels.
I see also advantages with fatigue detection: if I’m flying too close to the sun, I often see a pattern where I manage two of the hard workouts, but struggle with the third. RL/GL has often added yellow days after the second hard workout.
Moreover, if you do TR workouts, you can compare power targets and expected heart rate with actual power and heart rate. I reckon unusual heart rates at given power levels or not hitting power targets is seen as an indicator of fatigue.
On a technical level, here is how you could do it: on the level of individual workouts, you could introduce fatigue/freshness as a parameter and then predict e. g. power and heart rate for a given workout type given this level of fatigue. Inverting this relationship would then give you the fatigue level. You could then use this to bootstrap to the next level and consider actual fatigue with predicted fatigue if you followed the next workout(s). Based on your past workout history, TR could compute individual threshold criteria for green, yellow and red. I would expect that the actual algorithms are more complicated than this.
Garmin cannot extrapolate training plans with good accuracy, the best they could do is roughly anticipate how many hours you might train in the near future. They could try to predict your training plan, but that’d be a giant effort and very error prone. At present, Garmin does use a few data points that TR does not at present include, most notably sleep data, resting heart rate and heart rate variability. But unlike Garmin with training plans, it seems more straightforward to me for TR to include those pieces of information.