Questions for Stephen Seiler interview (Polarized Training)

I have been fascinated with Dr. Seiler’s work and always enjoy when he is a guest on a podcast. My question - are there any thoughts, studies, or theories on a minimum effective dose for a recreational (and in this case aging - 55 y/o) athlete who would like to gain and maintain a respectable amount of fitness?
And 2, how much, if any might that change if one decided to occasionally race for fun.
In my case I am specifically talking XC mountain biking from 1-3 hours. If you are gracious enough to choose this question then by all means answer in the context of triathlon if need be.