The insole you’re standing on in your OP is too small for you.
Standing on the insole is actually a good trick when sizing. I’d say for cycling shoes 1 - 1.5cm (a finger’s width) is a good amount of space in front of your toes. You don’t need as much as, say, a pair of running shoes or hiking boots (a thumb’s width). You should ensure that you have a good enough lockdown in the heel and midfoot that your foot isn’t sliding forward.
As for width, that’s when the insole trick doesn’t work as well. You’re almost never going to find an insole that you can stand on that appears to be the right width because the insole is nowhere near the widest part of the shoe. Instead, I’d put the shoe on, snug it up, and move your toes around a bit. Wear them for a little while too. If you feel any tingling or numbness, they’re too narrow.
Oftentimes, proper arch support, cleat positioning, shimming/wedging, etc. all play a role in foot comfort as well…