Iāve spent my athletic life bucking the prevailing trends/bodies of knowledge/āconfirmed studiesā, etc. in just about every area of every sport I chose to either compete in or do as a serious or semi-serious hobby.
This area is no exception.
Iāve ridden tires (on various bikes (road, CX, gravel, touring, 29ers (on and off road and gravel), fat bikes (on and off road and gravel) of carbon, aluminum, steel, ranging from $250 to $11,000) from 23mm up to 4.0", in every size.
Iāve spent thousands on different tires and wheelsets with different rim widths (and depths).
In my experience, Iāve have been the fastest on the road with 25mm and 28mmā¦by a pretty big margin (2-4mph) and in all cases, the amount of effort I needed to expend to be fast (anywhere from sustaining long distances of 12-25mph on the flats, 8-17mph on climbs) is exponentially lower with these tire sizes.
Sure, wider tires are nice for gravel and rough roads, but every tire (no matter which one of the dozens of brands I used between 30mm and 50mm) I used was always a compromise between comfort and performance in a huge way. Slicks were ābetterā (but nowhere near as fast as 25mm or 28mm) on pavement, but sucked on gravel, due a lack of control. File tread, Knobbies, and semi-slicks were good on gravel but sucked on pavement other than riding alone at a comfort pace. They sucked in fast group rides. They all felt slow, grippy, and āstuck to the pavementā.
As a result, I have settled on 28mm for anything road/āall roadā/or paved trails/commuting. With this size, I can keep up on most A (and all B and C group rides) where the average speed is between 18-23 mph, and still be completely not beat to crap on 4-5 consecutive days of 40-50 mile rides and solo 100-150 mile road centuries.