A comparison should be made with a racecar or motorbike rather than a plane. A racecar (F1, Sportscar, etc) run almost exclusively wider tires at the back to hold the weight distribution. On top of that, a F1 (or any single-seater) has narrow tires at the front for aero benefits. That’s because the first thing hitting clean air when you’re riding is the front tire. And we know that the smaller the surface, the less drag you create. Since most of the weight is supported by the rear tire on a bike, you can easily put a shallow tire up front, a wider one at the rear. That helps with comfort without too much aero penalty.
That’s for riding on tarmac or flat surface. It’s different for dirt surface because the mechanical grip (threads on the tire) is more important. That’s why mountain bikes have sometimes mullet set-ups with different front/rear tires.