What is the best approach for increasing FTP for zone 2, endurance, non-race rider?

I would separate your blood sugar control from your training.

For blood sugar control you could keep your bike on your trainer all day and then jump on it for 15 minute bouts of Z2 to control blood sugar after meals. Or swing a kettle bell and do some squats 5 or 10 times a day.

For cycling training, I would agree to stick with a plan and follow it. It’s possible that fasted morning rides are not helping you get stronger. Fasted rides are usually used for weight loss and fat metabolism training. The usual recommendation for that is once or twice per week.

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