VO2 max interval protocol that works best for most

This is helpful, thanks!

I do wonder if it’s possible to quantify the impact of these factors.

The paper Kollie is citing has these charts:

But I do wonder how these differences translate into Vo2Max gains over time. Does anyone know if this has been studied? E.g., take one group at 70 rpm and another at 110 rpm, keep everything else equal, measure all the standard metrics (VO2 max, etc).

If this hasn’t been studied, it’d be interesting to hear everyone’s thoughts on how to go about speculating/hypothesizing about what the magnitude of the difference might be.