I have never done a workout that really simulated the feelings of racing. There’s just so much going on, so much stimuli during a race that there’s really no way to simulate it in my opinion.
Power wise, unless you’re in a breakaway, it’s often like an on/off switch. You’re pedaling really hard for a little bit, and then you’re sitting in and coasting, and repeat until the end.
Here’s two power profile comparisons for you (ignore the w/kg, as my weight in TP was inaccurate until recently):
In this race, I had incredible fitness, and was racing very aggressively. It was a state championship race that I had as the holy grail of my A races for that year. I had multiple breakaway attempts, and solo attacks, and launched a solo flyer on the last lap with about 1/3 of the course left. It’s a fairly straight forward course, with a long downhill into a punchy climb which are connected at the top by a small technical section. This race shows how you don’t have super long sustained efforts
or super long sustained rests, it’s really back and forth the whole time. I did win this race btw.
This is a race the following year, where my fitness was somewhat lackluster due to coming back from breaking my elbow in a crash the month prior. The course was similar to the one above, but lacked a technical section, and was just four corners. While I did a decent job staying in the field during this race, I was never in a position of control. I was always fighting to move up and fighting for wheels, which left me constantly punching on the power (which could explain why the avg. is so low, I was doing well at hiding in the draft, but wasn’t ever in great position).
I feel like these two profiles give a pretty decent example of what racing is power wise. Like I said, I’ve never run across a workout in the ~6ish years I’ve been doing structured training that has simulated what a race feels like. The closest you can come to a race feeling ride would be to find a group ride where everyone is faster than you, and try to hold on as long as possible. That’s pretty close, except sometimes you do stuff right, and end up on the podium.