Optimum body fat 10% on DEXA or 10% on calipers?

My 2 cents as an exercise physiologist familiar with all of these measures:

10% on the normative charts almost always refers to hydrostatic weigh, skinfold measurements, or bodpod. These usually have very similar measurements with each other. All of these measures have fairly similar accuracies and reliabilities assuming the tester has done an appropriate job controlling conditions.

In the research community, we avoid any and all commercial impedance scales. We have ‘nicer’ impedance measures but we typically don’t trust what they say. They typically are not accurate or reliable unless you have perfect conditions. You can try your best to control your hydration but inflammation from hard workouts, water retention from carbs, and built-in sensitivity issues make them too difficult to use for most people.

DEXA is great and we have used it a lot, but for practical reasons. It always reads higher than any other method, but it is very consistent (reliable). Its accuracy is argued all of the time, but for studies where you are looking at changes in composition, its reliability is great.