There’s no “guessing” needed. The physics of an accelerated rotating object are pretty simple - torque = inertia times angular acceleration. You measure the torque (through the powermeter), you know the inertia (that’s your artificial flywheel’s inertia), you change the motor’s current to get the proper acceleration. No “AI” or “guessing”. If you do the measurement and current metering fast enough (and 1kHz is in the right range for that), the user won’t feel anything abnormal. You can make the inertia as large or as small as you want. And you can add variations for road feel if you want. This is what the Neo products do.
Flight controls in flight simulators are done in a similar (but much more precise, and expensive) way: for non-powered controls such as elevators on smaller planes, you literally feel the inertia of the entire linkage and flight control surfaces, and feel them get loaded as the plane accelerates. There’s no magic (or AI) involved. Simply simulation of physics.