And ballpark estimates of running out around 3 hours.
The Podlogar study in that post saw trained cyclists burn thru roughly 250g per hour while cycling around 78-80% (low tempo) and roughly 325W ftp.
So thats about 2 hours at low tempo for someone with a fairly high FTP.
Personally I’ve done really hard (0.9 IF) group rides for 1.5-2 hours, no fueling, no performance drop, and FTP around 275W. And I’ve done upper endurance rides for about 3 hours before starting to feel tapped out.
However in the kitchen I eat a 4-6g/kg of carbs during the day, so my stores are topped off before those group rides.