Yes, as I have commented before.
In my own case, I went from never riding more than 2 h (two laps of Galveston Island) at a time for 6+ y to doing significantly longer rides in Maryland. For the first year I had neck pain after 3-4 h, but it went away as I started doing more long rides (one of the first being a 6+ h sojourn on a newly-acquired tandem…the guys we fell in with just kept claiming, "it’s just a little bit further, keep riding with us!).
Prior to that, I tried to steal the Missouri state RR on a borrowed bicycle after only training on a rubber block-pedaled stationary bike 7 h/wk for 6 mo (my bike had been stolen around Christmas, and I couldn’t afford to replace it). I dropped the last of my all-day breakaway companions with 20 mi to go, only to be caught and then worked over by five guys from the same team with just 5 mi to go. My legs held up just fine, but my hands, feet (back in the toeclip/toestrap days), and neck (from holding up the weight of my head plus a helmet) were in agony. Still beat one of them, though!
Why is it that my strongest cycling memories are of the most painful moments?