Since you have quick release, you could possibly get away with what you are proposing. I’d measure the spacing between the dropouts. If it’s 130mm then it’s the standard road 11 speed rear width and you’d be good to go with most any 130mm rim.
The other thing you’d have to be cautious of is if you pull the rear brake without a rotor in it, it might move the pistons too far. I used to have a mountain bike where if I did that, I’d have to take the pads out and manually push the pistons back. And you could always put something in there to block the pads/pistons from moving too far.