What else is there?
Hystersis + Suspension Losses = Impedance
Aero
Weight
I don’t think the “science” has moved on. The only new stuff from 2025 is from John Karrasch and Cycling News. The former generally reinforcing what we already thought with respect to the first two variables. The latter; confusing and often contradictory findings from the Silverstone Pedaling Efficiency Rig.
Gravel tires, 50mm and smaller, have been getting faster but at the same time seem to be giving up puncture resistance and durability to do so. This may be a worthwhile trade, but often isn’t, given the relative speed for the Dubnital/Thunder Burt.
I do not think that there is any new science that disputes the current framework, nor do I think wide tires are an outdated 2024/25 concept. Choosing the right tire for the course is important to many, while to many others, we’ve settled on just running 2.1s/2.2s.
I was partially on XC tires in 2023 and 2024, and went all in for 2025. My results have been better. The fastest XC tires may have drawbacks and limitations, but gravel tires as a whole have not surpassed them. I’ve heard many different privateers talk about how slow XC tires feel pulling through or going off the front and almost in the same breath talk about getting bounced around on the rough stuff so much with narrower tires without realizing they are discussing two different variables of vastly different magnitude.
While I think that “horses for courses” is an acceptable viewpoint, I’m not entirely sure it’s supported by the framework that led everyone into wider tires in the first place. Previously “we” were overweighting BRR hystersis metrics, and now I feel “we” are overweighting aero losses.
But as I said, I’m doing better on XC tires, I get through more selections and the selections where I am eliminated are much more contentious than when I was running gravel tires. From what I see racing, I think most riders would be faster on XC tires.
IMO “Race Gravel” will settle at 50mm clearance, 45mm just seems a little too narrow even with all the aero claims. Schwalbe at least seems able to make tires that are “just as fast” and as the sport is able to generate and internalize more aero results the difference may be minimal when evaluated in the whole.